By Andrew Mackinnon

Last updated: 21st September, 2026

Estimated ethnic composition and citizenship composition of Australia…

100.0% – Population of Australia – 28.6 million (largely known by deduction)

2.8% – Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander (predominantly) – Australian citizens – 0.8 million (largely known)

39.5% – White (predominantly) – Australian citizens – 11.3 million (unknown)

30.4% – Non-white (predominantly) – Australian citizens – 8.7 million (unknown)

11.2% – Jewish (i.e. Edomitish) (predominantly) – Australian citizens – 3.2 million (unknown)

83.9% – All ethnicities – Australian citizens – 24.0 million (largely known)

10.5% – Assumed non-white (predominantly) – Non-citizens of Australia – Temporary visas – 3.0 million (largely known)

5.6% – Assumed non-white (predominantly) – Non-citizens of Australia – Permanent residents – 1.6 million (largely known)

Notes…

There are an estimated 18,788,594 Australian citizens who are eligible to be enrolled to vote in Australian federal elections and Australian federal referendums in 2026.

aec.gov.au/enrolling_to_vote/enrolment_stats/ (halfway down the web page)

Life expectancy in Australia is 83.1 years.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Australia

Since only Australian citizens aged 18 years or over are allowed to vote in Australian federal elections, an estimate of the total number of Australian citizens, including Australian citizens aged less than 18 years, is:

18,788,594 divided by ( 65.1 / 83.1 ) equals 23,983,597

Australia – Population and Demographic Data – 1900 to 2024